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Sains Malaysiana 55(3)(2026): 461-474
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2026-5503-09
Streptomyces sp. KKU215:
Biocontrol of Bacterial Wilt, Tomato Growth Promotion, and Spore Production
Optimization
(Streptomyces sp.
KKU215: Biokawalan Layu Bakteria, Penggalak Pertumbuhan Tomato dan Pengoptimuman Penghasilan Spora)
AROON
WONGJIRATTHITI1, CHANANKARN SAENGPRASAN2 & SUWAPHA
SAWIPHAK1,*
1Program of Biology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon
Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
2Program of Mathematics
and Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat
University, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
Received: 1 June 2025/Accepted: 19
February 2026
Abstract
The development of microbial
biocontrol agents and plant growth promoters as alternatives to chemical
pesticides is crucial for sustainable agriculture. This study investigated the
potential of Streptomyces sp. KKU215 for controlling bacterial wilt
caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, promoting tomato growth, and enhancing spore production. The strain exhibited
multiple beneficial traits, including the production of protease, chitinase,
lipase, cellulase, and amylase enzymes, as well as siderophores and biofilm. It
also demonstrated capabilities for nitrogen fixation, ammonia production, and
indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis. Streptomyces sp. KKU215
significantly (p < 0.05) promoted the growth of 30-day-old tomato
seedlings in tray trials by enhancing shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry
weights, and leaf size, while also significantly (p < 0.05) reducing the
bacterial wilt disease index and improving overall growth in pot trials. Among
tested media, modified Wakimoto’s and nutrient agar
supported the highest levels of spore production after 20 days of incubation. The
Plackett–Burman design showed peptone, potato, and incubation time as
significant factors enhancing spore production. Subsequently, optimization
using response surface methodology with Box–Behnken design determined the
optimal conditions of 7 g/L peptone, 700 g/L potato
infusion equivalent, and 20 days of incubation, resulting in a significant
(p < 0.05) increase (46%) in spore yield. The findings of this study
suggest that Streptomyces sp. KKU215 could serve as a sustainable
alternative to harmful chemicals, contributing to enhanced crop yield and
quality while supporting the development of industrial-scale biopesticide
production for disease management and plant growth promotion in agricultural
systems.
Keywords: Actinobacteria; biocontrol
agents; Box–Behnken design; plant growth promoters
Abstrak
Pembangunan agen biokawalan mikrob dan penggalak pertumbuhan tumbuhan sebagai alternatif kepada racun perosak kimia adalah penting untuk pertanian lestari. Penyelidikan ini mengkaji potensi Streptomyces sp. KKU215 untuk mengawal layu bakteria yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum, menggalakkan pertumbuhan tomato dan meningkatkan penghasilan spora. Strain ini menunjukkan pelbagai ciri bermanfaat, termasuk penghasilan enzim protease, kitinase, lipase, selulase dan amilase, serta siderofor dan biofilem. Strain ini juga menunjukkan keupayaan untuk mengikat nitrogen, penghasilan ammonia dan sintesis asid indol-3-asetik (IAA). Streptomyces sp. KKU215 dengan ketaranya (p <
0.05) menggalakkan pertumbuhan anak benih tomato berusia 30 hari dalam ujian dulang dengan meningkatkan panjang pucuk dan akar, berat segar dan kering dan saiz daun di samping mengurangkan indeks penyakit layu bakteria dengan ketara (p < 0.05) dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan keseluruhan dalam ujian pasu. Antara media yang diuji, media Wakimoto yang diubah suai dan agar nutrien menyokong tahap penghasilan spora tertinggi selepas 20 hari pengeraman. Reka bentuk Plackett-Burman mendedahkan pepton, kentang dan masa pengeraman sebagai faktor penting untuk meningkatkan penghasilan spora. Seterusnya, pengoptimuman menggunakan metodologi permukaan tindak balas dengan reka bentuk Box-Behnken telah menentukan keadaan optimum 7 g/L pepton, 700 g/L setara infusi kentang dan 20 hari pengeraman menunjukkan peningkatan ketara (p < 0.05) sebanyak 46% dalam penghasilan spora. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa Streptomyces sp. KKU215 boleh berfungsi sebagai alternatif yang mampan kepada bahan kimia berbahaya, menyumbang kepada peningkatan hasil dan kualiti tanaman di samping menyokong pembangunan pengeluaran biopestisid berskala industri untuk pengurusan penyakit dan penggalak pertumbuhan tanaman dalam sistem pertanian.
Kata kunci: Agen biokawalan; aktinobakteria; penggalak pertumbuhan tumbuhan; reka bentuk Box-Behnken
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*Corresponding author; email: ssuvapa@hotmail.com
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